April 2025 - ExploreSec Cybersecurity Awareness Newsletter

This is a monthly newsletter I put together for an internal security awareness program. Feel Free to grab and use for your own program.

Macs Targeted by Infostealers in New Era of Cyberthreats 

A new wave of cyberattacks is targeting Mac users with infostealers, malicious programs designed to steal sensitive data like passwords and credit card details. Infostealers have traditionally targeted Windows devices, but in recent years, cybercriminals have turned their attention to Macs. One such threat, Poseidon, is the most active infostealer on Mac today, stealing data from over 160 cryptocurrency wallets, web browsers, and password managers. Cybercriminals use malvertising to deliver these threats, making it crucial for Mac users to be cautious when downloading software and visiting unfamiliar websites. 

Key Insights: 

• Poseidon and other infostealers are now targeting Macs, stealing sensitive data such as passwords and cryptocurrency wallet info. 

• Malicious advertising (malvertising) is being used to trick users into downloading infostealers instead of desired software. 

• Macs are becoming a key target for cybercriminals, and users must exercise caution and implement strong security measures. 

Further Reading: Malwarebytes 

Google Now Allows Digital Fingerprinting of Its Users 

In a shift from its earlier stance, Google has started allowing digital fingerprinting of its users, a practice that could raise significant privacy concerns. This method collects various pieces of data—such as operating system, browser type, IP address, and plugins—to create a unique identifier for users, even when cookies are cleared. While this allows advertisers to track users across sites, it also bypasses the limitations of cookie-blocking tools. 

Key Insights: 

• Digital fingerprinting creates a unique ID for users based on their browser and device characteristics. 

• This technique enables tracking even after cookies are cleared, circumventing privacy protections. 

• Users can take steps to counteract fingerprinting by using privacy-focused browsers, VPNs, and browser extensions. 

Further Reading: Malwarebytes Blog 

FTC Reports $12.5 Billion in Fraud Losses in 2024 

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has revealed a staggering increase in fraud-related losses, with reported damages reaching $12.5 billion in 2024. This surge is driven by a combination of online scams, phishing, and identity theft, with a notable increase in fraud targeting older adults and specific industries. As scammers continue to refine their techniques, organizations must remain vigilant and proactive in educating employees and customers on how to recognize and avoid these threats. 

Key Insights: 

• Fraud losses in 2024 hit $12.5 billion, with a significant increase in online scams and identity theft. 

• Older adults and certain sectors are being disproportionately targeted. 

• Organizations must enhance education efforts and improve customer protection measures to mitigate the growing threat. 

Further Reading: FTC Press Release 

DeepSeek Found to Be Sharing User Data with TikTok Parent Company ByteDance 

DeepSeek, an AI app, has been caught secretly sharing user data with ByteDance, the parent company of TikTok. The South Korean Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) uncovered that DeepSeek automatically transmitted user data every time the app was accessed, doing so without user consent. This data-sharing practice raises serious concerns about privacy, particularly in light of the ongoing scrutiny surrounding ByteDance’s handling of user data. South Korea has removed DeepSeek from app stores and is considering stronger regulations on foreign companies in the country. 

Key Insights: 

• DeepSeek was found transmitting user data to ByteDance servers without user consent. 

• This app highlights growing concerns about data privacy in AI technologies. 

• South Korea has taken action by removing the app and considering stronger regulations on foreign tech companies. 

Further Reading: Malwarebytes 

Beware of DeepSeek Hype: It's a Breeding Ground for Scammers 

As DeepSeek, an AI language model from China, gains popularity, cybercriminals are capitalizing on its rise with various scams targeting unsuspecting users. Fake websites, malicious developer tools, phishing on social media, and fraudulent investment schemes are being used to trick individuals into disclosing sensitive data or making financial losses. Scammers are even leveraging DeepSeek's name to promote fake cryptocurrency tokens and fake pre-IPO shares. 

Key Insights: 

• Scammers are using fake websites and social media accounts to impersonate DeepSeek and steal user data. 

• Malicious Python packages were uploaded to PyPI, disguised as DeepSeek developer tools, to steal sensitive information. 

• Individuals and businesses must be cautious when downloading tools, verify sources, and implement strong security practices. 

Further Reading: SecurityWeek 

Predatory App Downloaded 100,000 Times from Google Play Store Steals Data, Uses It for Blackmail 

A malicious financial app, "Finance Simplified," has been downloaded over 100,000 times from the Google Play Store. This app, which belongs to the SpyLoan family, promises attractive loan terms but steals sensitive data such as contacts, call logs, and photos. Once the data is collected, the app uses it for blackmail, especially targeting users who fail to make loan payments. Although the app has been removed from the store, it continues to run on affected devices, collecting sensitive data in the background. Users are advised to change passwords, enable two-factor authentication, and monitor their identity for any misuse. 

Key Insights: 

• The app, masquerading as a loan provider, collects personal data for blackmail purposes. 

• Although removed from the Google Play Store, the app still runs on affected devices. 

• Users should take immediate steps to secure their data by changing passwords and enabling two-factor authentication. 

Further Reading: Malwarebytes 

Microsoft 365 Targeted in New Phishing, Account Takeover Attacks 

New phishing campaigns are leveraging Microsoft 365's infrastructure to conduct account takeover (ATO) attacks, exploiting tenant misconfigurations and using OAuth redirection. One campaign involves attackers sending phishing emails using Microsoft’s own infrastructure, making detection difficult. These emails, masquerading as legitimate Microsoft notifications, direct victims to call centers, bypassing security controls. Another attack uses OAuth apps pretending to be Adobe and DocuSign to steal credentials and deploy malware. Security teams must be vigilant in securing OAuth applications and scrutinizing internal communications. 

Key Insights: 

• Phishing attacks are exploiting Microsoft 365’s infrastructure for ATO attacks. 

• Attackers use fake support contacts and legitimate-looking emails to trick victims. 

• OAuth applications masquerading as trusted brands are used for stealing credentials and deploying malware. 

Further Reading: SecurityWeek 

The Epochalypse Project: Addressing the 2038 Bug 

The Epochalypse Project is raising awareness about the 2038 bug, a critical vulnerability in 32-bit timestamp systems that will impact billions of devices worldwide starting January 19, 2038. The bug could cause major disruptions across industries, from healthcare to energy management, due to systems misinterpreting dates and malfunctioning. As the 2038 deadline approaches, the project aims to bring attention to this issue and develop solutions before it becomes a widespread problem. 

Key Insights: 

• The bug affects embedded devices and systems like medical equipment, IoT devices, and transportation infrastructure. 

• If unaddressed, it could cause critical system failures, including banking and security disruptions. 

• The project encourages global collaboration to identify and fix vulnerable systems before 2038. 

Further Reading: Epochalypse Project 

Is Firebase Phishing a Threat to Your Organization? 

Firebase, a platform commonly used for app development, has been exploited in phishing attacks targeting organizations. Attackers can hijack Firebase’s authentication services to launch phishing campaigns, tricking users into divulging sensitive information. These attacks can be used to steal credentials, and in some cases, manipulate cloud-based services that organizations rely on. With Firebase being a trusted service, users may not immediately recognize these phishing attempts, making it a potent tool for attackers. 

Key Insights: 

• Firebase is being exploited for phishing attacks, often targeting organizations’ authentication systems. 

• Users may unknowingly fall victim due to Firebase’s trusted reputation. 

• Organizations need to be aware of how Firebase can be misused and take proactive measures to secure their systems. 

Further Reading: Check Point Blog 

Evolution of Sophisticated Phishing Tactics: The QR Code Phenomenon 

Unit 42 researchers have observed a surge in phishing attacks leveraging QR codes, a tactic known as "quishing." Attackers embed malicious URLs within QR codes in documents that mimic legitimate services like DocuSign or Adobe Acrobat Sign. When scanned, these QR codes direct users to phishing sites designed to harvest credentials. Notably, some campaigns employ legitimate website redirection mechanisms and Cloudflare Turnstile for user verification, enhancing their credibility and evading security detection. These attacks have been widespread across the U.S. and Europe, impacting industries such as medical, automotive, education, energy, and finance. Unit 42 

Key Insights: 

• Quishing Tactics: Embedding phishing URLs in QR codes increases the likelihood of users accessing malicious sites, especially when personal devices with potentially weaker security are used.  

• Advanced Evasion Techniques: Utilizing legitimate redirection mechanisms and services like Cloudflare Turnstile allows attackers to bypass traditional security measures. Unit 42 

• Targeted Industries: A broad range of sectors, including medical, automotive, education, energy, and finance, have been affected, indicating the widespread applicability of this tactic. Unit 42 

Further Reading: Unit 42 Blog 

Tax-Themed Phishing Campaigns Surge Ahead of U.S. Tax Day 

As the April 15 tax deadline nears, Microsoft Threat Intelligence has observed a rise in phishing campaigns exploiting tax-related themes to steal credentials and deploy malware. These attacks use social engineering to impersonate IRS notices or tax document requests and incorporate tactics like QR codes, URL shorteners, and cloud-based file sharing to evade detection. Legitimate services, including Microsoft infrastructure, are being abused to enhance credibility and avoid filters. 

Key Insights: 

• Attackers are using tax season as a lure for phishing, often impersonating tax authorities or financial institutions. 

• Tactics include QR codes, shortened URLs, and links to legitimate cloud storage to bypass security tools. 

• Abuse of trusted platforms increases the likelihood of successful compromise. 

Further Reading: Microsoft Security Blog 

ClickFix: A Deceptive Malware Deployment Technique 

Cybercriminals are employing a tactic known as "ClickFix," which masquerades as a CAPTCHA verification to trick users into executing commands that download malware. This scheme prompts users to press a series of keyboard shortcuts—Windows + R, Ctrl + V, and Enter—that open the Run dialog, paste malicious code, and execute it via mshta.exe, a legitimate Windows utility. This method has been used to deliver various malware families, including XWorm, Lumma Stealer, and AsyncRAT. 

Key Insights: 

• ClickFix attacks exploit user actions to bypass security measures, leading to the installation of credential-stealing malware. 

• Industries such as hospitality and healthcare have been targeted, with attackers impersonating trusted entities like Booking.com. 

• The attack leverages legitimate Windows functionalities (mshta.exe) to execute malicious code, complicating detection efforts. 

Further Reading: Krebs on Security 

Pharmacist Allegedly Used Keyloggers to Spy on Coworkers at Maryland Hospital 

A former pharmacist at the University of Maryland Medical Center is accused of secretly installing keylogging software on nearly 400 hospital computers over a decade. The class-action lawsuit claims he accessed coworkers’ login credentials, personal files, and even activated webcams in patient exam rooms. The hospital is also being sued for allegedly failing to detect or respond to the breach in a timely manner. 

Key Insights: 

• Keyloggers were reportedly used to steal credentials and access private communications. 

• The software was allegedly installed across hundreds of hospital systems without detection. 

• The incident underscores the importance of monitoring for insider threats and unauthorized software. 

Further Reading: The Record 

December 2024 - Security Awareness Newsletter

This is a security awareness focused newsletter that I share internally. Feel free to grab and use for your own internal security awareness program.

Copyright Infringement Phishing Scams Targeting Facebook Business Users 

Cybercriminals are targeting Facebook business and advertising account users, especially in regions like Taiwan, with phishing emails that falsely claim copyright infringement. These emails urge recipients to download a file (disguised as a PDF), which actually installs information-stealing malware on the victim’s device. This tactic aims to harvest sensitive information from users who trust the email’s legal-sounding message. 

Key Points: 

• Target Audience: Facebook business and advertising account users. 

• Phishing Tactic: Emails posing as copyright infringement notices. 

• Malware Delivery: Malicious files masquerading as PDFs that contain infostealers. 

Further Reading: Cisco Talos Report on Copyright Infringement Phishing Lure 

Beware of 'Phish 'n' Ships': Fake Online Stores Stealing Your Money and Data 

Cybercriminals are increasingly creating fraudulent online shops that mimic legitimate retailers to deceive consumers into providing payment information and personal data. These fake websites often offer enticing deals on popular products, luring unsuspecting shoppers into making purchases. Once payment details are entered, the scammers steal the information, leading to financial loss and potential identity theft. 

How to Protect Yourself: 

• Verify Website Authenticity: Before making a purchase, ensure the website is legitimate by checking the URL for misspellings or unusual domain extensions. 

• Look for Secure Connections: Ensure the website uses HTTPS, indicating a secure connection. 

• Research the Seller: Look for reviews and ratings from other customers to confirm the retailer's credibility. 

• Be Cautious of Unrealistic Deals: If an offer seems too good to be true, it likely is. 

Further Reading: Human Security 

Beware of DocuSign-Inspired Invoice Scams 

Cybercriminals are leveraging DocuSign’s Envelopes API to distribute highly realistic fake invoices impersonating trusted brands like Norton and PayPal. These malicious emails come from legitimate DocuSign domains, bypassing security filters and appearing authentic. Attackers aim to have recipients e-sign the document, which can authorize unauthorized payments. 

What You Can Do: 

• Always verify invoice details directly with the company rather than clicking links within emails. 

• Look out for unexpected requests, even from trusted services. 

• Educate your team about this tactic and report suspicious invoices immediately. 

Further Reading: Bleeping Computer 

Mobile Ad Data Enables Widespread Surveillance 

Recent investigations reveal that commercial services are exploiting mobile advertising data to track individuals' daily movements without their consent. By collecting data from widely-used mobile apps and websites, these services can monitor personal locations, posing significant privacy risks. 

Protect Your Privacy: 

• Limit App Permissions: Only grant apps the permissions they genuinely need. 

• Review Privacy Settings: Regularly check and adjust your device's privacy settings to control data sharing. 

• Stay Informed: Be aware of how your data is collected and used by the apps and services you utilize. 

Further Reading: Krebs on Security 

Phishing Scams Targeting Booking.com Users 

Recent reports highlight a surge in phishing attacks exploiting Booking.com accounts. Cybercriminals are compromising hotel partner accounts to access customer booking details, subsequently sending fraudulent messages that appear legitimate. These messages often request additional information or payments, aiming to deceive users into providing sensitive data or transferring funds. 

Protect Yourself: 

• Verify Communications: Always confirm the authenticity of messages by contacting the hotel or Booking.com directly through official channels. 

• Avoid Unsolicited Links: Do not click on links or download attachments from unexpected emails or messages. 

• Enable Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): Activate 2FA on your Booking.com account to add an extra layer of security. 

Further Reading: Krebs on Security 

North Korean IT Workers Infiltrating Western Companies 

Recent investigations have uncovered a concerning trend: North Korean IT professionals are securing remote positions in Western companies, including those in the United States, by using stolen identities and sophisticated social engineering tactics. This strategy enables them to bypass international sanctions and funnel earnings back to North Korea, potentially funding illicit activities. 

Key Insights: 

• Identity Theft: These individuals often use stolen or fabricated identities to pose as qualified candidates from various countries. 

• Advanced Techniques: They employ generative AI tools to craft convincing resumes and perform well in interviews, making detection challenging. 

• Financial Implications: Earnings from these positions are redirected to support North Korea's sanctioned programs, including its weapons development initiatives. 

Further Reading: Zscaler Security Research 

Surge in Eventbrite-Based Phishing Attacks 

Recent analyses by Perception Point have identified a significant increase in phishing campaigns exploiting Eventbrite's scheduling platform. Between July and October 2024, these attacks escalated by 900%, with cybercriminals sending deceptive emails from 'noreply[@]events[.]eventbrite[.]com' to distribute malicious content. 

Key Insights: 

• Legitimate Appearance: Utilizing Eventbrite's legitimate email domain allows attackers to bypass standard security filters, making the phishing emails appear authentic to recipients. 

• Malicious Payloads: The emails often contain links or attachments designed to harvest credentials or deploy malware upon interaction. 

• Targeted Entities: While the attacks are widespread, they predominantly focus on organizations that frequently use event management platforms, increasing the likelihood of successful exploitation. 

Further Reading: KnowBe4 Blog 

Phishing Campaign Impersonates OpenAI to Steal Financial Information 

Cybercriminals are currently conducting a phishing campaign that impersonates OpenAI to deceive users into providing their financial details. The fraudulent emails inform recipients that their ChatGPT subscription payment has been declined, prompting them to click a link to update their payment method. 

Key Insights: 

• Deceptive Tactics: The emails are designed to appear legitimate, leveraging OpenAI's branding to gain user trust. 

• Malicious Links: Clicking the provided link directs users to a fake payment page intended to capture sensitive financial information. 

• Widespread Targeting: This campaign is part of a broader trend where attackers exploit the popularity of AI tools to launch phishing attacks. 

Further Reading: KnowBe4 Blog 

Corrupted Word Documents in Novel Phishing Campaign 

A newly identified phishing campaign exploits Microsoft's Word file recovery feature by using intentionally corrupted Word documents as email attachments. These documents evade detection by security solutions due to their damaged state, but Word can still recover and open them. 

Key Insights: 

• The Lure: Emails impersonate payroll and HR departments, with themes like employee bonuses and benefits. The attachments appear as corrupted files but can be repaired by Word. 

• Malicious QR Codes: Upon recovery, the documents prompt users to scan a QR code branded with company logos. Scanning leads to phishing sites designed to steal Microsoft login credentials. 

• Detection Challenges: Most attachments used in this campaign avoid detection on platforms like VirusTotal, as they contain no active malicious code, just deceptive QR codes. 

• Attack Effectiveness: By exploiting overlooked document recovery mechanisms, this method bypasses traditional email security filters, increasing the likelihood of reaching victims. 

Further Reading: BleepingComputer Article 

Cybercriminals Exploit Search Engine Results to Promote Phishing Pages 

Cybercriminals are increasingly employing search engine poisoning to elevate malicious phishing sites in search results, deceiving users into divulging sensitive information. Researchers at Malwarebytes discovered that a search for "KeyBank login" on Bing displayed a counterfeit KeyBank login page above the official site. 

Key Insights: 

• Manipulated Search Results: Attackers optimize malicious sites to appear prominently in search results, making them seem legitimate and increasing the likelihood of user interaction. 

• Phishing Tactics: These fraudulent pages mimic authentic login portals, aiming to harvest users' credentials and personal data. 

• Broader Implications: This tactic, known as SEO poisoning, extends beyond banking sites, potentially affecting various sectors and services. 

Further Reading: KnowBe4 Blog 

Attackers Exploit Corrupted Files to Evade Detection 

Cybersecurity researchers have identified a novel phishing campaign that utilizes intentionally corrupted Microsoft Office documents and ZIP archives to bypass email security measures. These corrupted files evade antivirus scans and email filters, yet can be opened by users through built-in recovery features in applications like Microsoft Word and WinRAR. 

Key Insights: 

• Evasion Techniques: The corrupted state of these attachments prevents security tools from properly scanning them, allowing malicious emails to reach users' inboxes undetected. 

• User Interaction: When users attempt to open these corrupted files, applications prompt them to recover the content, leading to the display of malicious elements such as QR codes. 

• Malicious Outcomes: Scanning the embedded QR codes can redirect users to phishing websites designed to steal credentials or deploy malware. 

This tactic highlights the continuous evolution of phishing strategies aimed at circumventing security defenses and exploiting user trust in application recovery features. 

Further Reading: The Hacker News 

Protecting Your Vote: Understanding Cyber Threats Ahead of the 2024 US Elections

I created this blog post for distribution internally as part of our Security Awareness program. Feel free to grab and share internally at your own company.

As the November 5, 2024, US elections approach, cybercriminals are exploiting the event to carry out sophisticated phishing campaigns, financial fraud, and misinformation according to a report from BforeAI. These malicious actors often use the names of prominent candidates, like "Harris," "Trump," and "Biden," in fake domains to mislead the public. Websites mimicking legitimate voting resources aim to steal personal and financial information. Additionally, fraudulent ecommerce stores and cryptocurrency themed around the elections pose significant financial risks to unsuspecting voters.

The Threat Landscape

Phishing and Fake Domains: Cybercriminals are creating fake domains and websites using candidate names and election-related terms like “vote” and “election” to increase their credibility. These sites are used to deceive voters into providing sensitive information, making donations to fraudulent campaigns, or spreading misinformation about voting dates and locations. For example, domains like "vote-no-sunnybailey[.]com" are designed to manipulate public opinion and suppress voter turnout through the dissemination of fake news and propaganda.

Financial Fraud: Many malicious websites are set up to collect personal and financial information from voters. Fraudulent donation sites mimic legitimate campaign fundraising efforts but are designed to steal credit card details and personally identifiable information (PII). This data is then sold on and used for future fraud and social engineering attacks. Furthermore, the emergence of meme coins themed around the elections is another avenue for financial exploitation, with these digital currencies often promoted on social media as quick investment opportunities, only to disappear after collecting funds from unsuspecting victims.

Misinformation Campaigns: Cybercriminals are also leveraging free web hosting platforms to quickly create and abandon malicious websites. These sites often contain misinformation about voting procedures, dates, and locations, aimed at confusing voters and reducing turnout. Additionally, unauthorized live streaming websites and other online platforms are being used to spread propaganda and manipulate voter behavior, further complicating the election process.

How to Protect Your Vote

To safeguard your vote and personal information during this election season, it’s essential to stay informed:

• Use Official Sources: Always verify voting information through official government websites like usa.gov and vote.gov. These sites use the “.gov” domain, which is restricted to government entities and ensures the legitimacy of the information.

• Avoid Clicking on Suspicious Links: Be wary of unsolicited emails, texts, or social media messages that link to unknown sites, especially those asking for donations or personal information. Always navigate to the official campaign or government website directly.

Conclusion

The 2024 US elections are a prime target for cybercriminals seeking to exploit voter emotions and manipulate election outcomes. By understanding the tactics used in these malicious campaigns, voters can better protect their identities and their votes. Staying informed and cautious is the best defense against these evolving threats.

Phishing Threat Intelligence Newsletter July 2024

This is a monthly threat intelligence newsletter with a lean towards phishing and healthcare I put together for the team at my company. Feel free to grab and share with your own internal team.

Threat Intelligence Newsletter: Resurgence of Russia's Fin7 

Overview: The notorious cybercrime group Fin7, previously thought to be dismantled, has re-emerged with increased activity. This resurgence is primarily facilitated by Stark Industries Solutions, a hosting provider linked to Russian cyberattacks. 

Key Developments: 

• Infrastructure: Fin7 now operates over 4,000 hosts, using tactics like typosquatting, booby-trapped ads, and phishing domains. 

• Targets: They mimic brands like American Express, Google, Microsoft 365, and more. 

• Techniques: Using domains that appear benign initially, Fin7 builds credibility before launching phishing attacks. 

Implications: Organizations must heighten vigilance against phishing, regularly update security protocols, and monitor for suspicious domain activities. 

For more details, visit Krebs on Security. 

New Internet Explorer Zero-Day Spoofing Attack (CVE-2024-38112) 

Overview: Check Point Research (CPR) has identified a new zero-day spoofing vulnerability in Internet Explorer, designated CVE-2024-38112. This vulnerability allows attackers to deceive users by displaying a fake website address in the browser's address bar, facilitating phishing and other malicious activities. 

Key Details: 

• Attack Vector: The attack leverages Internet Explorer's handling of URLs to present a legitimate-looking address while directing users to malicious sites. 

• Impact: Users can be tricked into divulging sensitive information or downloading malicious content, believing they are on a trusted website. 

Recommendations: 

• Mitigation: It is crucial to avoid using Internet Explorer and switch to more secure, up-to-date browsers. 

• Patching: Ensure all systems are updated with the latest security patches and consider deploying additional security measures such as web filtering and threat intelligence services. 

For further information, visit the Check Point Blog. 

Ransomware Attack Disrupts U.K. Health Service Laboratory 

Overview: A ransomware attack on Synnovis, a laboratory partner for several major London hospitals, has significantly disrupted health services. The Qilin ransomware group, utilizing a Ransomware-as-a-Service model, is behind the attack and also targets U.S. based organizations. After failing to receive a ransom payment, Qilin released over 400GB of private healthcare data online. 

Key Points: 

• Impact: Major disruption to hospital services. 

• Perpetrators: Qilin (also known as Agenda). 

• Initial Access: Through phishing and spear phishing emails. 

Recommendations: 

• Strengthen phishing defenses. 

• Conduct regular security awareness training. 

For more information, visit the KnowBe4 Blog. 

Microsoft Links Scattered Spider Hackers to Qilin Ransomware Attacks 

Microsoft has identified the Scattered Spider cybercrime group, also known as Octo Tempest, as responsible for recent Qilin ransomware attacks. This financially motivated group has been active since 2022, targeting over 130 high-profile organizations using tactics such as phishing, MFA bombing, and SIM swapping. The Qilin ransomware group, known for targeting VMware ESXi virtual machines, employs double-extortion attacks by threatening to release stolen data. 

Key Takeaways: 

• Increased Sophistication: Scattered Spider's diverse tactics highlight their adaptability. 

• Targeting Critical Infrastructure: Focus on high-profile organizations and virtual environments. 

• Mitigation Strategies: Enhanced security measures such as robust MFA policies and employee training on phishing can help defend against such attacks. 

For more details, read the full article from Bleeping Computer. 

Social Media Job Scams: Don't Be the Target! 

Hunting for your dream job online? Unfortunately, social media can be a breeding ground for scammers who target unsuspecting job seekers. But fear not! Here are some key takeaways to help you avoid falling victim to their schemes: 

• Be wary of unsolicited offers, especially those that come through social media. Legitimate recruiters typically only contact you if you've applied for a position or if they have a referral from someone you know. If you receive a message out of the blue about a fantastic opportunity, proceed with caution. 

• Watch out for unprofessional communication. Typos, grammatical errors, and requests for money upfront are all major red flags. Legitimate companies will communicate professionally and will never ask you to pay for a job interview or training. 

• Suspicious of remote jobs with high salaries? You should be! Scammers often lure people in with the promise of a high-paying work-from-home position. If something sounds too good to be true, it probably is. But that doesn't mean there aren't real remote work opportunities out there. Do your research to ensure the company is legitimate before getting your hopes up. 

• Don't be afraid to investigate! Before you apply for any job, take some time to research the company. Look for online reviews, check their website for legitimacy, and see if they have a social media presence with a good following. A little detective work can go a long way in weeding out imposters. 

• Keep your personal information private. This includes your Social Security number, bank account number, and credit card number. Never share this information with someone you don't know and trust, especially through social media or email. 

• Be cautious about clicking on links or attachments. Phishing emails and messages are a common tactic used by scammers. If you receive a message from an unknown sender about a job opportunity, don't click on any links or attachments. Instead, go directly to the company's website to see if the job is listed there. 

By following these tips, you can protect yourself from social media job scams and increase your chances of finding a legitimate and rewarding job opportunity. Remember, if it seems too good to be true, it probably is. So, be cautious, be smart, and happy hunting! For more details check out the KnowBe4 blog. 

Phishing Alert: Microsoft Top Target, Social Media on the Rise 

According to a recent Check Point Research report, Microsoft was the most imitated brand for phishing attacks in Q2 2024, accounting for over half of all attempts. This highlights the ongoing threat of brand phishing, where cybercriminals impersonate well-known companies to trick users into revealing personal information or clicking on malicious links. 

The report also reveals new entries to the top 10 most impersonated brands, including Adidas, WhatsApp, and Instagram. This trend indicates a shift in cybercriminals' tactics, as they target social media and technology companies that hold valuable user data. 

Top 10 Most Impersonated Brands in Q2 2024 

1. Microsoft (57%) 

2. Apple (10%) 

3. LinkedIn (7%) 

4. Google (6%) 

5. Facebook (1.8%) 

6. Amazon (1.6%) 

7. DHL (0.9%) 

8. Adidas (0.8%) 

9. WhatsApp (0.8%) 

10. Instagram (0.7%) 

Check out Check Point’s blog for more details. 

New Backdoor Used by APT41: MoonWalk 

A recent blog post by Zscaler details a new backdoor tool called MoonWalk المستخدمة من قبل مجموعة APT41 (used by the APT41 group). MoonWalk is a tool used by the APT41 threat group for espionage. The article discusses MoonWalk’s technical aspects, including its use of Google Drive for communication and Windows Fibers for evasion. MoonWalk also uses a modular design, allowing attackers to customize it for different situations. 

Here are some key takeaways from a threat intelligence perspective: 

• New APT41 Backdoor: APT41 is a well-known threat group known for its targeted attacks. The development of MoonWalk shows that the group is constantly evolving its tactics and techniques. 

• Google Drive for Communication: The use of Google Drive for communication is a novel technique that makes it more difficult for defenders to detect malicious activity. 

• Windows Fibers for Evasion: The use of Windows Fibers for evasion helps MoonWalk to avoid detection by security software. 

• Modular Design: The modular design of MoonWalk allows attackers to easily customize it for different targets and campaigns. 

Organizations should be aware of the MoonWalk backdoor and take steps to protect themselves, such as: 

• Implementing advanced endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions 

• Educating employees about phishing attacks and social engineering techniques 

• Regularly patching systems and applications 

By following these steps, organizations can help to mitigate the risk of being targeted by APT41 and other threat groups. 

You can read more about MoonWalk here. 

Phish-Friendly Domain Registry ".top" Put on Notice 

The ".top" domain registry, managed by Jiangsu Bangning Science & Technology Co. Ltd., has been warned by ICANN for its failure to address phishing abuse. Findings revealed that over 4% of new ".top" domains from May 2023 to April 2024 were used for phishing. ICANN's notice demands immediate improvements, or the registry risks losing its license. This highlights the critical need for vigilant monitoring and prompt action against domain abuse to protect users from phishing threats. 

For more information, read the full article on Krebs on Security. 

Over 3,000 GitHub Accounts Exploited in Malware Distribution Scheme 

Summary: A new threat, dubbed 'Stargazers Ghost Network,' involves over 3,000 GitHub accounts used to distribute information-stealing malware via fake repositories. Discovered by Check Point Research, this Distribution-as-a-Service (DaaS) leverages GitHub’s reputation to spread infostealers like RedLine and Lumma Stealer. Despite GitHub's efforts, over 200 malicious repositories remain active. 

Key Takeaway: 

• Attack Mechanism: Utilizes compromised WordPress sites and GitHub repositories. 

• Targets: Cryptocurrency, gaming, and social media enthusiasts. 

• Operation: Accounts serve phishing templates, images, and malware, maintaining resilience even after takedowns. 

• Recommendations: Exercise caution with file downloads from GitHub and use VMs or VirusTotal to scan archives. 

For more information, read the full article on BleepingComputer. 

North Korean Operative Infiltrates KnowBe4 Using Stolen Identity 

Summary: KnowBe4 recently revealed that a North Korean hacker, posing as a U.S. citizen, successfully got hired as an IT worker. Despite multiple rounds of interviews and background checks, the individual was detected attempting to install malware on their new workstation. No sensitive data was accessed due to robust security measures. 

Key Takeaways: 

• Entry: Hacker used a stolen identity to pass interviews and background checks. 

• Detection: Suspicious activity was identified, and the laptop was quarantined swiftly. 

• Impact: No customer data was accessed; the malware was blocked by security tools. 

• Response: KnowBe4 has enhanced its hiring processes to prevent similar incidents. 

Recommendations: Regularly review and update hiring and onboarding procedures to mitigate risks from sophisticated threat actors. 

For more information, read the full article on KnowBe4 Blog. 

Exploiting CrowdStrike Outage: Phishing, Fake Scripts, and Social Engineering 

Summary: Following a recent CrowdStrike update that caused widespread blue screen of death (BSOD) errors, cybercriminals are capitalizing on the confusion. Fake PowerShell scripts, phishing domains, and social engineering attacks are proliferating, posing significant risks. 

Key Takeaways: 

• Fake Scripts: Malicious scripts on platforms like GitHub install dangerous software. 

• Phishing: Surge in domains offering fake fixes. 

• Social Engineering: Impersonation of IT personnel and cybersecurity firms to trick users. 

Recommendations: Verify the authenticity of scripts and domains, and educate users on phishing and social engineering tactics. 

For more information, read the full article on ReliaQuest Blog. 

Huntress Foils a Medical Software Update Hack 

Huntress recently uncovered a sophisticated phishing campaign targeting medical software updates. Cybercriminals created a fake version of a legitimate medical image viewer, embedding malicious code that established a secret connection back to the attackers. This attack highlights the critical need for vigilance even when dealing with trusted sources. Huntress's Security Operations Center (SOC) detected the anomaly and quickly isolated the threat, preventing potential data breaches. 

Key Takeaways: 

• Verify the authenticity of software updates. 

• Be cautious of unexpected file sizes or unusual behaviors. 

• Regularly update software from official websites. 

For more details, visit Huntress's blog. 

TuDoor: Exploiting DNS Logic Vulnerabilities 

A new DNS attack method, named TuDoor, has been identified, highlighting critical vulnerabilities in DNS response pre-processing. Attackers can use malformed DNS response packets to execute cache poisoning, denial-of-service, and resource exhaustion attacks. TuDoor impacts 24 mainstream DNS software and many public DNS services, potentially affecting millions of users. 

Key Takeaways: 

1. Be aware of the TuDoor attack method. 

1. Ensure DNS software is up-to-date with patches. 

1. Monitor for unusual DNS traffic patterns. 

For more details, visit TuDoor's website. 

Generative AI Tools: New Target for Scammers 

Recent intelligence highlights a surge in cyber threats exploiting interest in generative AI tools, particularly ChatGPT. Scammers are registering suspicious domains containing keywords like "gpt" and "prompt engineering," aiming to deceive users with phishing schemes and malware distribution. This trend coincides with major AI-related announcements, increasing the risk to individuals and organizations exploring these technologies. 

Key Insights: 

• Domain Surveillance: Monitor new domain registrations for AI-related keywords. 

• Phishing Alerts: Educate users on verifying AI tool sources. 

• Evolving Tactics: Stay updated on scam trends exploiting emerging technologies. 

For more details, visit KnowBe4's Blog. 

OneDrive Pastejacking: A New Phishing Tactic 

A new phishing threat, "pastejacking," targets OneDrive users by exploiting the copy-paste functionality. Attackers inject malicious commands into users' clipboards through seemingly benign text or files. This method can lead to unauthorized data access or malware installation when unsuspecting users paste the copied content. 

Key Insights: 

• Clipboard Exploitation: Phishing schemes use clipboard manipulation to inject harmful code. 

• User Vigilance: Verify clipboard content before pasting from unknown sources. 

• Security Measures: Put controls in place to limit user PowerShell usage and monitor for any abnormal PowerShell activity.  

For more details, visit Trellix's Blog. 

Phishing Threat Intelligence June 2024

Little behind getting this out but still wanted to get it out. This is a newsletter of articles I thought might be valuable for our security team and helped me plan this months simulated phish. Created with help from ChatGPT

New Execution Technique in ClearFake Campaign 

ReliaQuest has identified a new execution technique used in the ClearFake campaign, a variant of the SocGholish malware family. This sophisticated method involves using JavaScript to trick users into executing malicious PowerShell commands, representing a significant evolution in attack tactics. 

Key Findings: 

• Malicious JavaScript Files: The campaign leverages malicious JavaScript files named “update.js,” tricking users into copying and executing encoded PowerShell commands. 

• Obfuscation and Execution: The PowerShell code is obfuscated using base64 encoding. Once decoded and executed, it performs various actions, including DNS cache clearing, displaying deceptive messages, and downloading additional payloads from malicious URLs. 

• Persistence via Python: In a novel approach, the campaign uses Python scripts for establishing persistence, signaling an evolution in tactics to evade detection. 

Infection Chain: 

1. Ingress: The malicious JavaScript downloads and extracts Python, then sets up a scheduled task for persistence. 

1. Execution: The extracted Python script connects to command-and-control (C2) servers, facilitating further malicious activities. 

1. Persistence: The scheduled task ensures the malware remains active on the infected system, making it harder to detect and remove. 

Conclusion: The ClearFake campaign exemplifies the increasing sophistication of cyber threats, highlighting the need for robust security measures and continuous vigilance. By understanding and implementing the recommended defensive measures, organizations can better protect against these evolving threats. 

For detailed information and technical analysis, visit ReliaQuest's blog on the ClearFake campaign. Stay informed and secure! 

Phishing Campaigns Exploiting Cloudflare Workers 

Netskope has identified sophisticated phishing campaigns leveraging Cloudflare Workers to deploy malicious content through two main techniques: HTML smuggling and transparent phishing. These methods are designed to evade detection and compromise user credentials. 

Key Findings: 

• HTML Smuggling: This technique bypasses network controls by assembling the phishing page on the client side. Attackers embed the phishing page as a blob within a benign webpage, using JavaScript to decode and display the malicious content. 

• Transparent Phishing: In this approach, attackers use Cloudflare Workers as reverse proxies for legitimate login pages, intercepting credentials, cookies, and tokens as users attempt to log in. 

Campaign Details: 

• Targeted Regions: Recent phishing campaigns have primarily targeted victims in Asia, North America, and Southern Europe, focusing on sectors such as technology, financial services, and banking. 

• Credential Theft: Most phishing pages aim to steal Microsoft login credentials, with other targets including Gmail, Yahoo Mail, and cPanel Webmail. 

For detailed technical analysis and more information, visit Netskope's blog on the ClearFake campaign. 

New Phishing Campaign Uses Malicious LNK Files 

A sophisticated phishing campaign has been discovered, leveraging malicious LNK files to deliver malware. This technique bypasses traditional email security filters and lures victims into executing harmful payloads. 

Phishing Lure: 

• Email Content: Cybercriminals craft emails that appear to come from legitimate sources, often including urgent or enticing messages. 

• Attachment: The email includes a seemingly harmless LNK file. When clicked, this file triggers the download and installation of malware. 

For more details, visit The Hacker News. 

New Phishing Campaign Deploys WARMCOOKIE Backdoor Targeting Job Seekers 

A sophisticated phishing campaign has been identified, deploying the WARMCOOKIE backdoor to exploit job seekers. The attack involves sending fake job offers with malicious attachments or links, which, when executed, install the WARMCOOKIE backdoor. This malware provides attackers with remote access to compromised systems, allowing data exfiltration and further exploitation. 

Attack Chain: 

1. Initial Phishing Email: Victims receive fake job offer emails. 

1. Malicious Attachment: The email contains a malicious attachment (e.g., .doc or .pdf). 

1. Execution: Opening the attachment installs the WARMCOOKIE backdoor. 

1. Backdoor Access: Attackers gain unauthorized access to the victim's system. 

1. Data Exfiltration: Sensitive information is extracted and used for further attacks. 

Key Indicators: 

• Fake job offer emails with .doc or .pdf attachments. 

• Unusual email addresses and domains. 

• Links redirecting to suspicious websites. 

For further details, visit the Hacker News article. 

RansomHub Strengthens Its Ransomware Arsenal with Scattered Spider Tactics 

A recent alliance between RansomHub and Scattered Spider has significantly boosted RansomHub’s capabilities, making it one of the largest active Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) operations. 

Key Developments: 

• Evolution from Knight Ransomware: RansomHub emerged from the Knight ransomware group, using similar codebases and recruiting affiliates from other disbanded ransomware operations like LockBit and BlackCat (ALPHV). 

• Integration of Scattered Spider Techniques: Known for its sophisticated phishing campaigns, Scattered Spider has provided RansomHub with advanced phishing kits and data exfiltration techniques. 

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs): 

• Use of .doc and .pdf attachments in phishing emails. 

• Deployment of remote access tools such as Atera and Splashtop. 

• Exploitation of the ZeroLogon vulnerability. 

Recommendations: 

• Regularly update software and systems. 

• Implement advanced email filtering solutions. 

• Conduct security awareness training for employees. 

• Segment networks to limit ransomware spread. 

• Develop and test incident response plans. 

For more details, visit Security Boulevard and Dark Reading. 

Phorpiex Botnet and LockBit3 Ransomware Surge 

In May 2024, the cybersecurity landscape was significantly impacted by two major threats: the Phorpiex botnet and the LockBit3 ransomware group. 

Phorpiex Botnet's Phishing Campaign 

Researchers identified a large-scale phishing campaign involving the Phorpiex botnet, which sent millions of emails containing ransomware. The Phorpiex botnet, which resurfaced as a variant called "Twizt" in December 2021, used deceptive .doc.scr files in ZIP attachments to trigger ransomware encryption. This campaign employed over 1,500 unique IP addresses, primarily from regions such as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Iran, Russia, and China. 

LockBit3 Ransomware Dominance 

LockBit3, operating as a Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS), accounted for 33% of published ransomware attacks in May. Despite previous law enforcement actions that disrupted their operations, LockBit3 quickly rebounded. This group continues to target large enterprises and government entities, particularly in regions excluding Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). 

Top Malware Families: 

1. FakeUpdates (SocGholish): Downloader leading to further compromises. 

1. Androxgh0st: Botnet targeting multiple platforms, stealing sensitive information. 

1. Qbot (Qakbot): Multipurpose malware stealing credentials and deploying additional malware. 

Top Exploited Vulnerabilities: 

1. Command Injection Over HTTP (CVE-2021-43936, CVE-2022-24086): Allows remote code execution. 

1. Web Servers Malicious URL Directory Traversal: Permits unauthorized file access on vulnerable servers. 

1. Apache Log4j Remote Code Execution (CVE-2021-44228): Enables attackers to execute arbitrary code. 

Top Mobile Malware: 

1. Anubis: Android banking Trojan with ransomware capabilities. 

1. AhMyth: Remote Access Trojan (RAT) stealing sensitive information. 

1. Hydra: Banking Trojan stealing credentials through manipulated permissions. 

Most Attacked Industries: 

1. Education/Research 

1. Government/Military 

1. Communications 

Top Ransomware Groups: 

1. LockBit3: Responsible for 33% of attacks, targeting large enterprises. 

1. Inc. Ransom: Emerging ransomware group targeting multiple sectors. 

1. Play: A ransomware impacting businesses and critical infrastructure. 

Organizations must stay vigilant and implement robust cybersecurity measures to defend against these evolving threats. For more detailed information, visit Check Point. 

SmokeLoader Evolution and Impact 

Zscaler's ThreatLabz provides an in-depth historical analysis of SmokeLoader, a modular malware family first advertised in 2011. Initially serving as a downloader, SmokeLoader has evolved to include functionalities for data theft, DDoS attacks, and cryptocurrency mining. Key features include advanced anti-analysis techniques, modular capabilities, and encrypted C2 communications. Notable developments include the introduction of a stager component in 2014 and sophisticated obfuscation methods. SmokeLoader remains a persistent threat due to its continuous evolution and adaptability. 

Key Takeaways: 

• Modular Design: Allows for flexible and varied attack strategies. 

• Advanced Evasion: Sophisticated anti-analysis and obfuscation techniques. 

• Persistent Threat: Continuous updates keep it relevant and dangerous. 

For detailed insights, visit the Zscaler Blog. 

DarkGate Malware's Evolving Tactics 

Cisco Talos has identified a significant increase in DarkGate malware activity through malicious email campaigns since March 2024. These campaigns use Remote Template Injection to bypass email security controls, deploying Excel attachments that trigger malware execution when opened. Notably, DarkGate has transitioned from using AutoIT to AutoHotKey scripts for its infection process, with the payload executing in-memory without being written to disk. 

Key Takeaways: 

• Remote Template Injection: Bypasses security controls using Excel files. 

• In-Memory Execution: Enhances evasion by avoiding disk writes. 

• AutoHotKey Scripts: Replaces AutoIT for advanced automation. 

For detailed insights, visit the Cisco Talos Blog. 

Active Phishing Campaign: Yousign HR Lure 

Agari has identified an active phishing campaign using the Yousign platform to distribute malicious emails posing as HR notifications. These emails prompt recipients to review an updated employee handbook, leading to credential harvesting. By leveraging the legitimacy of Yousign's domain, attackers bypass email security filters. The campaign employs Remote Template Injection and unique URLs to evade detection. 

Key Takeaways: 

• Legitimate Domains: Used to bypass security controls. 

• Credential Harvesting: Malicious forms disguised as HR documents. 

• Unique URLs: Hinders detection by security tools. 

For detailed insights, visit the Agari Blog. 

FBI Alert: Healthcare Industry Phishing Campaign 

The FBI and HHS have issued a warning about a sophisticated phishing campaign targeting the healthcare sector. Threat actors are using social engineering tactics to steal login credentials and redirect Automated Clearing House (ACH) payments to accounts they control. These attackers manipulate help desk staff to gain access and then use stealth techniques to divert payments. Healthcare organizations, due to their size and access to sensitive data, are prime targets. Enhance employee training to recognize and thwart social engineering attacks. 

Key Takeaways: 

1. Sophisticated Tactics: Attackers use social engineering to exploit help desk staff. 

1. ACH Payment Redirection: Stolen credentials are used to divert ACH payments. 

1. Targeted Sector: Healthcare organizations are primary targets due to their sensitive data. 

1. Employee Training: Essential to enhance awareness and ability to recognize phishing attempts. 

For detailed information, visit the KnowBe4 blog. 

New Threat: ASCII-Based QR Codes 

QR code phishing, or "quishing," is evolving with attackers now using ASCII characters to create QR codes within HTML, bypassing traditional OCR-based security measures. These codes appear as legitimate QR codes to users but evade detection by security systems, leading to credential theft and malware deployment. 

Key Takeaways: 

• Evolution of Technique: ASCII-based QR codes embedded in HTML are the latest in phishing tactics, making it harder for security systems to detect them (Avanan) (Techzine Europe) . 

• Real-World Impact: Over 600 instances detected, with significant disruptions including a recent healthcare provider attack (Sechub) (Coalition) . 

• Mitigation Strategies: 

• Implement security that decodes and analyzes QR codes in emails. 

• Use solutions that rewrite embedded QR codes with safe links. 

• Employ advanced AI-based tools to detect phishing indicators. 

Stay informed and update your security measures to guard against these sophisticated threats. 

For more details, visit the Checkpoint Blog or read more on Techzine. 

New Threat: Exploitation of Microsoft SmartScreen 

Overview Hackers are actively exploiting a vulnerability in Microsoft SmartScreen (CVE-2024-21412) to deploy stealer malware such as Lumma and Meduza Stealer. Despite a patch released in February 2024, attackers continue to bypass SmartScreen using malicious internet shortcuts distributed via spam emails. 

Key Takeaways: 

• Method: Bypassing SmartScreen through WebDAV-hosted shortcuts and executing multi-step attacks using PowerShell and JavaScript. 

• Impact: Significant breaches leading to information theft and potential system compromise. 

• Recommendations: Verify emails, use advanced filtering, avoid suspicious links, keep software updated, limit scripting languages, and segment networks. 

For more details, visit the Cyber Security News. 

New Threat: Volcano Demon Ransomware 

Overview A new ransomware group named Volcano Demon is using phone calls to pressure victims into paying ransoms. This group deploys LukaLocker ransomware to encrypt files and uses double extortion tactics by exfiltrating data before encryption. Victims receive threatening phone calls from unidentified numbers, increasing the pressure to comply with ransom demands. 

Key Takeaways: 

• Method: Phone calls combined with data exfiltration and encryption. 

• Impact: Significant disruption, with threats to leak data and continued attacks. 

• Recommendations: Strengthen network security, train employees on phishing tactics, and prepare for potential ransomware attacks. 

For more details, visit the The Record. 

Phishing Threat Intelligence May 2024

These are the articles and blogs I’ve read over the last month with a lean towards phishing and healthcare. I share this internally with the security team. Feel free to take and use for your own programs.

Unprecedented Surge in Proxy-Driven Credential Stuffing Attacks 

Okta identified a substantial rise in credential stuffing attacks targeting online services in the past month. These attacks exploit widely available resources like stolen login credentials, residential proxies, and scripting tools to gain unauthorized access to user accounts. The attacks appear to originate from anonymizing services like Tor and leverage proxies to bypass security measures. 

Key Takeaways: 

• Identity and access management (IAM) provider Okta has observed a significant increase in credential stuffing attacks over the past month. 

• These attacks leverage readily available resources like residential proxy services, stolen credential lists, and scripting tools. 

• The attacks target online services and seem to originate from anonymizing tools like Tor exit nodes and various proxies. 

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs): 

• The timeframe for this attack surge is noted to be between April 19th and April 26th, 2024. 

• Okta's Identity Threat Research detected the activity. 

• While specific IoCs aren't listed, the report mentions attacks targeting VPN appliances and routers from various vendors. 

Black Hat SEO Techniques Used to Distribute Malware 

This report details a malware distribution campaign that leverages black hat SEO techniques. Attackers create malicious websites designed to look legitimate and rank high in search results. These websites are then used to trick users into clicking on them and downloading malware. 

Technical Details: 

• The malware payloads are delivered through multi-level zipped files. 

• Once downloaded and executed, the malware can steal sensitive information such as browsing history and user credentials. 

Phishing Remains a Top Threat Despite Decline in Q4 

Phishing attacks continue to be a major threat to organizations of all sizes. According to a recent report by the Anti-Phishing Working Group (APWG), 2023 saw a significant increase in phishing activity, making it the worst year on record. Over 5 million phishing attacks were detected in 2023, highlighting the prevalence of this cyber threat. 

The report also details a decrease in phishing attacks during the fourth quarter of 2023. This decline is attributed to the takedown of Freenom, a service frequently abused by attackers to register domains that spoofed legitimate companies. While this is a positive development, it serves as a reminder that threat actors are constantly evolving their tactics. 

Key Takeaways 

• 2023 was the worst year on record for phishing attacks, with over 5 million attempts detected. 

• While there was a decline in Q4 2023 due to the takedown of Freenom, phishing remains a significant threat. 

• Security awareness training is crucial for educating employees on how to identify and avoid phishing attempts. 

• Organizations should implement a layered security approach that includes email filtering, employee training, and staying informed about the latest phishing tactics. 

New Technique for Detecting Malware Stealing Browser Data 

A recent blog post by Google Security Blog details a new technique for detecting malware that steals browser data. The technique involves monitoring Windows Event Logs for signs of unauthorized access to browser data. 

How Browser Data Theft Works 

Many malware programs target browser data, such as cookies and saved credentials. This data can be valuable to attackers, as it can be used to gain access to online accounts, steal financial information, or launch other attacks. 

Traditional Detection Methods 

Traditional methods for detecting malware that steals browser data often rely on behavioral analysis or signature-based detection. However, these methods can be ineffective against new or sophisticated malware. 

Detecting Browser Data Theft with Windows Event Logs 

The new technique described by Google Security Blog involves monitoring Windows Event Logs for DPAPI events. DPAPI (Data Protection API) is a Windows API that is used to protect sensitive data. When an application attempts to decrypt data protected by DPAPI, a DPAPI event is generated in the Windows Event Log. 

By monitoring DPAPI events, it is possible to identify unauthorized attempts to access browser data. This is because legitimate applications should not need to decrypt browser data unless the user is actively using the browser. 

Benefits of This Technique 

This technique has several benefits over traditional methods for detecting browser data theft. First, it is less reliant on signatures, making it more effective against new and unknown malware. Second, it can provide valuable forensic information, such as the time and process that attempted to access the data. 

Security Implications 

This technique highlights the importance of monitoring Windows Event Logs for security threats. By monitoring these logs, security professionals can gain valuable insights into the activities of applications running on their systems. 

Recommendations 

• Enable logging of DPAPI events in Windows Event Logs. 

• Monitor Windows Event Logs for suspicious DPAPI events. 

• Investigate any unauthorized attempts to access browser data. 

• Regularly update your security software and operating system. 

By following these recommendations, organizations can improve their ability to detect and prevent browser data theft. 

Healthcare Organizations Targeted in Social Engineering Campaign with Deceptive Tactics 

High Importance 

A recent report by ReliaQuest exposes a cunning social engineering campaign targeting healthcare organizations' revenue cycle management (RCM) departments. Then attackers employed deceptive tactics to manipulate help desk staff into resetting multifactor authentication (MFA) credentials. This allowed them to infiltrate the system and steal funds by altering bank routing information for fraudulent money transfers. 

Social Engineering Techniques Used: 

The report details how attackers impersonated legitimate users, often healthcare staff, by leveraging readily available personal information. This information might have been obtained through various means, including phishing emails, data breaches, or even social media. Once impersonating a staff member, attackers would contact the help desk, feigning an issue with their MFA and requesting a reset. To heighten their legitimacy, they might provide seemingly valid personal details associated with the target user, such as the last four digits of their Social Security number, date of birth, or home address. By exploiting trust and creating a sense of urgency, attackers could potentially trick help desk personnel into resetting the MFA, compromising the account's security. 

LockBit Black Ransomware Delivered via Phorpiex Botnet Spam Campaign 

High Importance 

A recent phishing campaign leveraged the Phorpiex botnet to distribute LockBit Black ransomware. Millions of malicious emails were sent, targeting a widespread audience. 

Campaign Details: 

• Phishing emails with malicious ZIP attachments 

• LockBit Black ransomware deployed upon opening the attachment 

• Ransomware likely based on leaked LockBit 3.0 source code 

LockBit Black Ransomware: 

LockBit Black is a ransomware variant known for encrypting victim files and demanding a ransom payment for decryption. This iteration is likely derived from a leaked version of LockBit 3.0, raising concerns about potential widespread attacks. 

Alert: Threat Actors Expand Malicious Use of DNS Tunneling 

High Importance 

Security researchers warn of a growing trend: threat actors are increasingly exploiting DNS tunneling for malicious purposes. DNS tunneling involves encoding data within legitimate DNS requests, creating covert communication channels that bypass traditional security measures. 

Why is this concerning? 

• Evasion Capabilities: DNS tunneling allows attackers to fly under the radar of firewalls and security tools, making detection difficult. 

• Operational Flexibility: This technique offers attackers a versatile tool for various malicious activities, including: 

• Phishing Email Monitoring: Attackers can use DNS tunneling to monitor how users interact with phishing emails, allowing them to refine their tactics. 

• Network Vulnerability Scanning: Malicious actors can leverage DNS tunneling to scan networks for vulnerabilities without raising red flags. 

• Security Measure Bypassing: This technique can be used to bypass security controls and establish persistence within a compromised network. 

Cybercriminals Exploit Docusign Phishing Templates 

Summary: Cybercriminals are increasingly targeting Docusign users by distributing customizable phishing templates on cybercrime forums. These templates closely mimic legitimate Docusign emails, luring recipients into providing sensitive information or clicking malicious links. These attacks facilitate various malicious activities, including credential theft and business email compromise (BEC) scams. 

Rising Shadow AI Accounts Elevate Corporate Data Risks 

Summary: Recent research by Cyberhaven Labs reveals a 485% surge in AI tool usage among workers, with 90% occurring through personal "shadow AI" accounts. This trend exposes sensitive corporate data to public AI models, posing significant security risks. Key findings highlight that tech workers are the highest contributors, with substantial portions of sensitive data like legal documents, source code, and HR records being inputted into non-corporate accounts. Companies must address these vulnerabilities to safeguard their data. 

Action Points: 

• Implement strict AI usage policies. 

• Educate employees on the risks of shadow AI. 

• Monitor AI tool usage within the organization. 

Security Awareness Newsletter April 2024

These are the stories I’ve been tracking that are of interest to people outside of security. Feel free to take this and use it as part of your own security awareness program. The items were created with the help of ChatGPT

Confirmed: AT&T Data Breach Exposes Millions

A large data leak containing personal information of millions of AT&T customers is being investigated. While AT&T denies the breach originated from their systems, this incident highlights the importance of protecting your personal information.

Here are some steps you can take to stay safe:

• Be mindful of the information you share online and over the phone.

• Use strong passwords and change them regularly.

• Monitor your bank statements and credit reports for suspicious activity.

AI in Elections: Beware the Deepfakes!

AI is shaking up elections! Check Point Research warns of deepfakes and voice cloning being used to mislead voters. They found evidence in 10 out of 36 recent elections. Stay informed - the future of voting might depend on it!

Heads Up, Gamers! Malware Lurks in YouTube Video Game Cracks

Phishing for free games can land you in hot water!

A recent report by Proofpoint discovered threat actors using YouTube to distribute malware disguised as popular video game cracks.

Here's the breakdown:

• Compromised Accounts: Hackers are targeting both legitimate and newly created YouTube accounts.

• Deceptive Content: Videos promise free software or game upgrades, but descriptions contain malicious links.

• Targeting Young Gamers: The campaigns exploit younger audiences' interest in bypassing paid features.

Alert on Privacy Risks in Dating Apps: Spotlight on Hornet

Recent investigations by Check Point Research have exposed critical privacy vulnerabilities in the popular dating app Hornet, affecting its 10+ million users. Despite Hornet's attempts to safeguard user locations by randomizing displayed distances, researchers found ways to determine users' exact locations within 10 meters using trilateration techniques. This finding poses a significant privacy risk, particularly in dating apps that rely on geolocation features to connect users.

Highlights:

• Hornet's geolocation vulnerabilities could allow attackers to pinpoint users' precise locations.

• Even after implementing new safety measures, locations could still be determined within 50 meters.

• Check Point Research advises users to be cautious about app permissions and consider disabling location services to protect their privacy.

The study illustrates the ongoing challenges and potential dangers of balancing app functionality with user privacy, urging both developers and users to remain vigilant.

Ransomware Scams Can Get Creative

Ransomware gangs are constantly looking for new ways to pressure companies into paying up. A recent article on TechCrunch describes a hilarious (but ultimately unsuccessful) attempt by a hacker to extort a company through their front desk Ransomware gang's new extortion trick? Calling the front desk.

While this specific incident might be lighthearted, it serves as a reminder that ransomware attackers are always adapting their tactics. Here's what you should be aware of:

• Be cautious of any unsolicited calls or emails claiming a security breach. Don't engage with the sender and report them to the IT department immediately.

• Never click on suspicious links or attachments. These could contain malware that gives attackers access to our systems.

• Be mindful of what information you share over the phone. Hackers may try to sound legitimate to gather details about our company's network.

• Stay informed about cybersecurity best practices. The IT department may send out phishing simulations or training materials – take advantage of these resources.

By staying vigilant and following these tips, we can all play a part in protecting our company from ransomware attacks. Remember, if you see something suspicious, report it!

 

FBI Alert: Increase in Social Engineering Attacks

The FBI has issued a warning about the rise in social engineering attacks targeting personal and corporate accounts. These attacks employ methods like impersonating employees, SIM swap attacks, call forwarding, simultaneous ringing, and phishing, which are designed to steal sensitive information.

Key Techniques:

• Employee Impersonation: Fraudsters trick IT or helpdesk staff into providing network access.

• SIM Swapping: Attackers take control of victims' phone numbers to bypass security measures like multi-factor authentication.

• Call Forwarding and Simultaneous Ring: Calls are redirected to the attackers' numbers, potentially overcoming security protocols.

• Phishing: Cybercriminals use fake emails from trusted entities to collect personal and financial data.

How to Protect Yourself:

• Ignore unsolicited requests for personal information.

• Ensure unique, strong passwords for all accounts.

• Contact mobile carriers to restrict SIM changes and call forwarding.

• Regularly monitor account activity for signs of unauthorized access.

If Compromised:

• Immediately secure accounts by changing passwords and contacting service providers.

• Report the incident to the FBI’s Internet Crime Complaint Center at www.ic3.gov.

Stay vigilant and implement these protective measures to defend against these sophisticated social engineering threats.

Smishing Scam Hits the Road!

Beware of texts claiming unpaid tolls! Scammers are targeting drivers with smishing attacks. The texts claim that the recipient has unpaid tolls. Don't click links or give out info. Report scams to the FBI: https://www.ic3.gov/Home/ComplaintChoice. Stay safe!

Data Breach at Hospital: Ex-Employee Admits to Sharing Patient Records

Patients at Jordan Valley Community Health Center in Missouri are being notified of a data breach involving over 2,500 individuals. The culprit? A former employee, Chante Falcon, who admitted to accessing and sharing patient records.

Facing federal charges for wrongful disclosure of patient information, Ms. Falcon pleaded guilty and awaits sentencing. The potential penalty? Up to 10 years in prison.

Tax Time Trouble: Don't Fall Victim to Tax Scams!

It's tax season again! While you're busy gathering documents and filing your return, scammers are out in force trying to steal your money and personal information.

This year, security experts are seeing a rise in Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered tax scams. These scams can look and feel more sophisticated than ever before, making them even trickier to spot.

Here are some red flags to watch out for:

• Urgency and Threats: Scammers often try to pressure you into acting quickly by claiming you owe overdue taxes or face penalties.

• Suspicious Emails and Texts: Be wary of emails or texts claiming to be from the IRS or tax software companies. Don't click on links or attachments unless you're sure they're legitimate.

• Phishing for Information: Scammers may ask for your Social Security number, bank account details, or other personal information you wouldn't normally share via email or text.

Stay Safe This Tax Season:

• Go Directly to the Source: If you receive a message about your taxes, contact the IRS directly using a phone number you know is correct (don't use the one provided in the message).

• Don't Share Personal Information Unsolicited: The IRS will never ask for sensitive information through email or text message.

By following these tips and staying vigilant, you can protect yourself from tax scams and ensure a smooth tax season!

 

Tracking AI's Influence in Global Elections

Rest of World, a news organization, has launched a new initiative to monitor and document the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on global elections. This effort comes as generative AI tools become increasingly accessible, presenting both innovative uses and potential risks in political contexts.

Scope and Objective: The project tracks AI incidents across the globe, particularly focusing on regions outside the Western hemisphere. From the general elections in Bangladesh to those in Ghana, the tracker will compile AI-generated content related to elections, encompassing both positive applications and problematic issues like misinformation.

Noteworthy Incidents:

• In Belarus, a ChatGPT-powered virtual candidate is providing voter information while circumventing censorship.

• AI-generated videos have enabled Pakistan’s former Prime Minister Imran Khan to address the public from imprisonment.

• A spam campaign against Taiwan’s president has been linked to a Chinese Communist Party actor.

• Deepfake videos falsely depicted Bangladeshi candidates withdrawing on election day.

Comprehensive ChatGPT Risk Assessment

Walter Haydock from StackAware has conducted an exhaustive risk assessment of OpenAI's ChatGPT. This summary encapsulates the critical findings and documentation from the assessment, aiming to enhance your understanding and governance of AI tools.

Key Findings from the Assessment:

• Purpose and Criticality: ChatGPT serves multiple functions, from generating marketing content to converting unstructured data into structured formats. Its operational importance is significant, with potential major business impacts in case of system failure.

• System Complexity and Reliability: Despite its complex nature, ChatGPT has shown reliable performance, although occasional performance and availability issues have been documented on OpenAI’s status page.

• Environmental and Economic Impacts: ChatGPT's operation is energy-intensive, with considerable carbon emissions and water usage. However, it also offers potential economic benefits, potentially contributing significantly to global productivity and economic output.

• Societal and Cultural Impacts: The system’s ability to automate repetitive tasks could liberate millions from mundane work but also poses risks to employment and misinformation, particularly during sensitive periods like elections.

• Legal and Human Rights Considerations: The system's deployment must carefully navigate potential impacts on employment and privacy, with strict adherence to legal and human rights norms.

Deepfake Phishing Attempt Targets LastPass Employee: Audio Social Engineering on the Rise

A recent incident reported by LastPass sheds light on a concerning trend: the use of audio deepfakes in social engineering attacks.

What Happened?

• A LastPass employee received a series of calls, text messages, and voicemails supposedly from the company's CEO.

• The voice messages utilized deepfake technology to convincingly mimic the CEO's voice.

• The attacker attempted to pressure the employee into performing actions outside of normal business communication channels and exhibiting characteristics of a social engineering attempt.

Why This Matters:

• This incident marks a potential turning point in social engineering tactics. Deepfakes can bypass traditional email-based phishing attempts and create a more believable scenario for the target.

• Audio deepfakes pose a significant threat because they exploit the inherent trust we place in familiar voices.

How LastPass Responded:

• The targeted employee, recognizing the red flags of the situation, did not respond to the messages and reported the incident to internal security.

• LastPass highlights the importance of employee awareness training in identifying and reporting social engineering attempts.

Change Healthcare Cyberattack: A Costly Reminder for Physicians

A recent cyberattack on Change Healthcare, a major healthcare IT provider, has had a significant impact on physicians across the country. According to a KnowBe4 article, a staggering 80% of physicians reported financial losses due to the attack. United Health announced the attack cost them $1.6 billion alone.

The High Cost of the Breach

The article details the financial strain placed on physician practices:

• Revenue Loss: Disruptions caused by the attack made it difficult to submit claims and verify benefits, leading to lost revenue.

• Increased Costs: Extra staff time and resources were required to complete revenue cycle tasks.

• Personal Expenses: Some practices were forced to use personal funds to cover business expenses.

USPS Now the Most Impersonated Brand in Phishing Attacks

Phishing attacks are one of the most common cyber threats. Criminals impersonate well-known brands to trick people into giving up personal information. According to a recent report, the United States Postal Service (USPS) has surged to the top spot on the list of most impersonated brands.

Here are some tips to avoid falling victim to a USPS phishing attack:

• Be wary of emails or text messages that claim to be from USPS about a delivery issue or package requiring additional fees.

• Do not click on any links or attachments in suspicious emails or text messages.

• If you are unsure about the legitimacy of an email or text message, contact USPS directly.

• Be mindful of the sender's email address and look for typos or inconsistencies.

By following these tips, you can help protect yourself from phishing attacks.

Phishing Threat Intelligence April 2024

These are the phishing related stories I paid attention to in April 2024. Feel free to use these and share them with your own security teams.

 The NaurLegal Campaign Unveiled 

BlueVoyant's Threat Fusion Cell has exposed a new cyber attack campaign, dubbed ‘NaurLegal’, led by the notorious eCrime group Narwhal Spider. This campaign ingeniously exploits the trust in legal transactions by distributing malicious PDF files posing as invoices from reputable law firms. With filenames like "Invoice_[number]from[law firm name].pdf," these documents are crafted to bypass casual scrutiny and initiate malware infections. 

Key Insights: 

• Tactic Exploitation: NaurLegal leverages the routine nature of legal document exchanges, using this as a vector to deploy malware, including sophisticated threats like WikiLoader and potentially IcedID. 

• Infrastructure: The campaign operates through compromised WordPress sites for command and control (C2), a hallmark of Narwhal Spider’s modus operandi. 

• Evolving Threat: Unlike previous attacks primarily targeting Italian entities, NaurLegal broadens its focus, indicating a strategic shift towards exploiting a wider array of organizational vulnerabilities. 

Google Ads Malware Alert for Security Professionals 

In a recent discovery by AhnLab Security Intelligence Center (ASEC), a sophisticated malware distribution campaign has been identified exploiting Google Ads' tracking feature. Dubbed by ASEC, this campaign cleverly disguises malware as popular groupware installers like Notion, Slack, and Trello, leveraging Google Ads to reach a broad audience. The exploitation of the Ads platform's vast user base and complex targeting options presents a notable security concern, highlighting the innovative strategies of cybercriminals to breach defenses. 

Key Campaign Insights: 

• Malware Distribution: Attackers create or hijack Google Ads to distribute malware through tracking URLs hidden in legitimate-looking ads, leading unsuspecting users to download harmful executables. 

• Targeted Malware: The campaign specifically uses malware-laden files with names mimicking reputable software installers to trick users into initiating downloads. 

• Sophisticated Evasion Techniques: Upon execution, the malware contacts attacker-controlled servers to fetch additional malicious payloads, utilizing compromised domains and text-sharing sites for hosting. 

• Payloads and Execution: The Rhadamanthys infostealer malware, fetched from these links, is then injected into legitimate Windows system files, enabling it to steal private data while avoiding detection. 

Security Alert: New Loader and Agent Tesla Campaign Detected 

SpiderLabs has identified a phishing campaign deploying Agent Tesla via a sophisticated new loader. Initiated via email attachments disguised as bank payment receipts, this campaign utilizes advanced obfuscation and encryption to deliver its malicious payload while evading detection. 

Key Insights:

• Attack Vector: Phishing emails with attachments that trigger a complex infection chain to deploy Agent Tesla. 

• Evasion Tactics: The loader showcases advanced evasion, including polymorphism and AMSI bypass techniques, to execute the payload stealthily. 

• Agent Tesla Execution: Executes entirely in memory, focusing on data theft and utilizing SMTP for data exfiltration through compromised accounts. 

AI-Powered Malware Spreads Through Social Media Malvertising Campaigns 

This article from Bitdefender highlights a recent surge in information-stealing malware campaigns targeting social media users. 

Key Points: 

• Attackers Exploit Popularity of AI Software: Cybercriminals are leveraging the rising interest in AI-powered image and video generators to distribute malware. 

• Malicious Ads Impersonate Legitimate Software: Fake social media pages and sponsored ads mimic popular AI tools like Midjourney, Sora, and CapCut. 

• Ads Trick Users into Downloading Malware: Clicking on these ads leads users to download malicious software disguised as official installers. 

• Malware Steals Sensitive Information: The malware steals login credentials, browsing history, cookies, and even crypto wallet information. 

• Rilide V4, Vidar, IceRAT, and Nova Stealer Used: The report identifies various information stealers used in these campaigns, including Rilide V4, Vidar, IceRAT, and Nova Stealer. 

• Midjourney Most Targeted Platform: Midjourney, a popular AI image generation tool, was the most impersonated platform in this campaign. 

Attention Security Teams: Malware Spreads Through YouTube Video Game Cracks 

Threat actors are leveraging compromised YouTube accounts to distribute information stealers disguised as popular video game cracks. This campaign, detailed in a recent Proofpoint report, targets unsuspecting gamers, particularly younger audiences. 

• Compromised Accounts: Legitimate and newly created YouTube accounts are being used to upload malicious videos. 

• Deceptive Content: Videos advertise access to pirated software or game upgrades. Descriptions contain links that download malware upon clicking. 

• Targeted Audience: The campaign exploits the desire to bypass paid features, likely appealing to younger gamers. 

Security Implications: 

• Information stealers like Vidar, StealC, and Lumma Stealer can compromise user credentials and other sensitive data. 

• Compromised accounts can be used to further distribute malware or host phishing attacks. 

• Younger audiences may be less familiar with online safety best practices, increasing susceptibility. 

For further investigation: The Proofpoint report provides Indicators of Compromise (IOCs) to assist in identifying these malicious videos. 

ReliaQuest’s Annual Cyber-Threat Report: 2024 

According to the report: 

• Phishing links or attachments were involved in 71% of all initial access phases of cyber attacks 

• The top three MITRE ATT&CK techniques in attacks involved phishing or spear phishing 

• Drive-by-compromise was used in 29% of attack 

• QR code phishing saw a 51% increase in just one month – September – over the previous 8 months combined 

Android Malware Vultur Expands Its Capabilities 

A recent report by Fox-IT details the evolving capabilities of the Android malware Vultur. Key takeaways: 

• New Functionality: Vultur now possesses features that enable remote interaction with a device's screen through Accessibility Services. 

• Enhanced File Management: The malware can now download, upload, delete, install, and locate files on infected devices. 

• Evasion Techniques: Vultur employs app impersonation and communication encryption to evade detection. 

These expanded capabilities pose a significant threat to Android users, as Vultur can now perform a wider range of malicious activities. 

Agent Tesla Targets US and AU Organizations: A Newsletter for Security Professionals 

A recent campaign by cyberespionage actors, nicknamed "Bignosa" and "Gods", has been targeting organizations in the United States and Australia. The attackers use phishing emails with topics related to purchasing goods and order delivery to distribute the Agent Tesla malware. Once installed, Agent Tesla can steal keystrokes and login credentials. 

Key takeaways: 

• Malicious Mails: Phishing emails with seemingly legitimate topics are being used to lure unsuspecting victims. 

• Agent Tesla: This malware steals keystrokes and login credentials, posing a significant threat to compromised systems. 

• Stay Vigilant: Keeping software updated and exercising caution regarding unexpected emails are crucial for mitigating such attacks. 

New Download Threat: Latrodectus Emerges 

A new downloader malware called Latrodectus has emerged, posing a threat to system security. Two threat actors, TA577 and TA578, have been distributing Latrodectus, raising concerns about its potential reach. 

This malware functions as a downloader, capable of not only information theft but also installing additional malware, potentially escalating the attack. Security experts believe Latrodectus might be linked to the creators of IcedID, another malicious software. Key takeaways: 

• Latrodectus's Reach: The involvement of multiple threat actors (TA577 and TA578) indicates a wider distribution network, increasing the potential for encountering this malware. 

• Multi-faceted Threat: Latrodectus goes beyond information theft; its ability to install additional malware poses a serious risk of system compromise. 

• Possible Connection to IcedID: The link to IcedID suggests a potentially sophisticated threat actor behind Latrodectus. 

New Malware Delivery Techniques on the Rise 

New research from Check Point reveals that cybercriminals are developing new methods to deliver malware. These techniques involve novel infection chains designed to bypass common security measures and deliver Remcos, a powerful Remote Access Trojan (RAT). 

The report also highlights the evolving tactics employed by attackers to exploit vulnerabilities. While Lockbit3 remains the most prevalent ransomware, Blackbasta has worryingly climbed the ranks, entering the top three. 

Key takeaways: 

• Cybercriminals are developing new methods to deliver malware, employing novel infection chains to bypass common security measures. 

• Remcos, a powerful Remote Access Trojan (RAT), is being delivered through these new techniques. 

• Lockbit3 remains the most prevalent ransomware, but Blackbasta has risen in prominence. 

• FakeUpdates is the most common malware encountered. 

Tycoon 2FA: Phishing As A Service Evolving to Bypass MFA 

MFA Fatigue? Tycoon 2FA Raises Concerns 

A new variant of the Tycoon 2FA phishing kit is making waves for its effectiveness in bypassing multi-factor authentication (MFA). This phishing-as-a-service (PhishingaaS) tool targets Microsoft 365 credentials and utilizes a technique known as adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) to steal session cookies, granting access even with MFA enabled. 

Key Points for Security Teams: 

• Active Threat: First observed in August 2023, Tycoon 2FA has become a prevalent threat due to its ease of use and affordability. 

• MFA Bypass: The phishing kit steals Microsoft 365 session cookies, allowing attackers to bypass MFA and gain access to compromised accounts. 

• Stealthier Than Ever: Recent updates enhance the kit's stealth capabilities, potentially reducing detection by security products. 

• Widespread Impact: Sekoia has identified over 1200 domain names associated with Tycoon 2FA infrastructure since its release. 

Alert: Cisco Duo's Multifactor Authentication Service Compromised 

Cisco Duo has issued a warning to its customers following a breach involving a third-party telephony service provider. This incident, which unfolded on April 1, 2024, involved the unauthorized access of SMS logs due to a social engineering cyberattack. 

Key Details: 

• Breach Dynamics: Threat actors gained access by using compromised employee credentials at a third-party provider that handles SMS and VOIP services for Cisco Duo's multifactor authentication (MFA). 

• Data Compromised: The breach resulted in the unauthorized download of message logs for SMS messages sent between March 1, 2024, and March 31, 2024. These logs included phone numbers, carriers, country and state data, and other metadata like the date, time, and type of messages. 

• No Message Content Exposed: It's important to note that the content of the messages was not exposed in the breach. 

Customer Advisory: Cisco Duo has advised all impacted users to notify individuals whose information was compromised and to stay alert for potential phishing attacks leveraging the stolen data. 

Tech Giants Lead Phishing Charge: Microsoft, Google Top Q1 Brand Impersonation 

Phishing remains a top threat, with technology brands the most impersonated. 

A recent report by Check Point Research (CPR) paints a concerning picture of the evolving phishing landscape. Their analysis of brand phishing attempts in Q1 2024 reveals a worrying trend: technology giants are the most targeted sectors. 

Key Findings: 

• Microsoft Maintains Top Spot: Microsoft continues to be the most impersonated brand in phishing attacks, accounting for a staggering 38% of all attempts in Q1 2024. 

• Google Makes Gains: Google rose to the second-place position, capturing 11% of phishing attempts – a significant increase from its previous third-place ranking. 

• Tech Sector Dominates: Technology remains the most impersonated industry, likely due to its prevalence in corporate environments and the potential for lucrative access to company assets through stolen credentials. 

Why Tech Brands? 

Cybercriminals often target technology brands for several reasons: 

• Widespread Use: These brands are familiar and widely used, making them a believable target for phishing attempts. 

• Access to Sensitive Data: Gaining access to compromised accounts in these platforms can grant attackers access to sensitive corporate data or financial information. 

• Remote Work Reliance: The increased use of cloud-based services and remote work environments expands the potential attack surface for tech-focused phishing campaigns. 

Beware of Sophisticated Phishing Attacks Targeting Help Desks! 

Alert! A recent report from the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) warns of a rise in sophisticated social engineering attacks targeting IT help desks within the healthcare sector. 

Here's what you need to know: 

• Impersonation Tactics: Attackers are making phone calls to help desks, impersonating employees (often in financial roles) and claiming they require urgent assistance. 

• Credentials at Risk: These imposters are armed with convincing details about the targeted employee, including the last four digits of their Social Security number and corporate ID. This information allows them to bypass initial security checks. 

• Potential for Data Breaches: The ultimate goal of these attacks is to steal login credentials or trick help desk personnel into granting access to sensitive systems and data. 

Malvertising Campaign Targets IT Teams with "MadMxShell" Backdoor 

Threat actors are leveraging malvertising campaigns to distribute a previously unseen backdoor dubbed "MadMxShell." This campaign targets IT security and network administration teams by spoofing legitimate IP scanner software websites. 

Key Details: 

• Attack Chain: The threat actors register typosquatted domain names resembling popular IP scanner software. 

• Google Ads Abuse: They then exploit Google Ads to push these malicious websites to the top of search engine results pages (SERPs) for relevant keywords used by IT professionals searching for IP scanner tools. 

• Delivery of Backdoor: Unsuspecting victims who visit the spoofed websites are redirected to download links that deliver the MadMxShell backdoor. 

Technical Analysis: 

• MadMxShell Backdoor: This backdoor offers remote access capabilities, allowing attackers to gain unauthorized control over compromised systems. 

• Limited Information: While details about MadMxShell's functionalities are scarce, the report suggests it possesses file system manipulation and process execution abilities. 

Shift in Attack Tactics: Vulnerability Exploitation on the Rise 

Phishing Declines, Zero-Days Soar 

A recent report by Mandiant indicates a significant shift in cyberattacker tactics. Vulnerability exploitation has overtaken phishing as the primary method for gaining initial network access. Researchers found that in 2023, vulnerabilities were exploited in 38% of intrusions, a 6% increase over 2022. Phishing attempts, while still the second most common initial infection vector, dropped from 22% to 17% over the same period. 

The report also highlights a sharp rise in the exploitation of zero-day vulnerabilities, previously unknown flaws in software, by 56% year-over-year. Chinese cyber espionage groups were found to be the most active users of zero-days, while financially motivated attackers continue to leverage these vulnerabilities to steal financial data. 

Key Takeaways 

• Patching vulnerabilities promptly is crucial to preventing initial network access by attackers. 

• Organizations should prioritize vulnerability management and invest in threat detection solutions capable of identifying zero-day exploits. 

• While phishing remains a threat, user awareness training should be supplemented with additional security measures to mitigate the evolving tactics of cybercriminals. 

Ransomware on the Rise: More Groups, More Victims 

Ransomware is back with a vengeance. A GRIT report shows a worrying 20% increase in victims in Q1 2024 compared to the same period last year. This coincides with a surge in active ransomware groups, jumping from 29 to 45 (a 55% increase). BlackBasta and Play are new major players, joining the persistent LockBit. 

Brutality and Distribution Mark New Era 

These groups are targeting critical infrastructure like hospitals, highlighting a ruthless shift in tactics. Additionally, RaaS groups are recruiting affiliates, creating a more distributed threat landscape. 

Key Takeaways: 

• Patching and Detection are Critical: Shore up defenses by patching vulnerabilities and implementing security solutions. 

• Beyond Phishing: Non-phishing attacks are the new norm, so vulnerability management is key. 

• Backups are Essential: Regular backups ensure a swift recovery from an attack. 

• Stay Ahead of the Curve: Keeping informed about the evolving threat landscape allows for proactive defense. 

Phishing Attacks on the Rise: AI-powered Threat Landscape 

A recent report by AI-ThreatLabz highlights a significant increase in phishing attacks, with a staggering 58% rise observed in 2024 compared to the previous year. This surge is attributed to the growing adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by attackers, enabling them to craft highly personalized and believable phishing campaigns. 

Key Takeaways 

• Phishing Attacks are Soaring: Phishing remains a major threat, with a sharp increase in incidents this year. 

• AI-powered Attacks: Attackers are leveraging AI to create more believable and personalized phishing emails, making them harder to detect. 

• Zero Trust Security is Key: Traditional security approaches may not be sufficient. Zero trust security principles can help mitigate the risk of phishing attacks by continuously verifying access requests. 

Phishing Threat Intelligence March 2024

Tax Season Phishing Campaigns - Targeting New Tactics 

Microsoft Threat Intelligence (MSTI) has uncovered a rise in phishing campaigns targeting taxpayers during the tax season. These campaigns leverage social engineering tactics to trick victims into revealing sensitive information or clicking on malicious links. 

Targets and Techniques: 

• High-Risk Groups: New taxpayers, small business owners, and older adults are identified as the most vulnerable demographics. 

• Phishing Methods: Emails disguised as legitimate tax documents or communications from employers are common methods. The emails may contain urgency or use scare tactics to pressure recipients into clicking malicious links or opening attachments containing malware. 

Iranian Threat Actor TA450 Shifts Tactics in Latest Campaign 

Summary: A recent campaign by Iranian threat actor TA450 has been detected leveraging a new technique. 

Previous Tactics: Historically, TA450 has targeted Israeli users via email campaigns containing malicious links directly embedded within the email body. These links typically led to file-sharing sites that, when clicked, downloaded remote access trojans (RATs). 

New Development: Proofpoint researchers observed a shift in TA450's tactics. The latest campaign utilizes PDF attachments containing malicious links. The social engineering lure involves emails disguised as pay slips, likely designed to trick victims into opening the attachments. 

Security Implications: This new delivery method makes TA450's emails appear more legitimate, potentially increasing the success rate of these phishing attacks. Security professionals should be aware of this evolving technique and update email security filters accordingly. 

New Trojan: VCURMS Discovered by Fortinet 

Fortinet researchers have uncovered a new trojan named VCURMS. This trojan leverages obfuscation techniques to bypass traditional antivirus detection and establish persistence on compromised systems. 

VCURMS Capabilities: 

• Information Theft: VCURMS can steal sensitive information from infected devices. 

• Remote Access: The trojan grants remote access to attackers, enabling them to control the compromised system. 

Delivery Method: 

VCURMS primarily spreads through phishing campaigns. Attackers target victims with emails containing malicious attachments. Once a user opens the attachment, the trojan infects the system. 

Zscaler ThreatLabz Releases New Report on AI Security Trends and Risks 

A recent Zscaler report, "New AI Insights: Exploring Key AI Trends and Risks ThreatLabz 2024 AI Security Report," delves into the evolving landscape of AI security. Key takeaways for security professionals include: 

• Soaring Enterprise AI Adoption: The report highlights a significant increase (595%) in enterprise adoption of AI technologies. This presents both opportunities and challenges for security teams. 

• Balancing Benefits and Risks: While AI offers significant advantages, it also introduces new security risks. The report emphasizes the need for a well-defined security posture to mitigate these risks. 

• Heightened AI-Driven Threats: Zscaler ThreatLabz observed an 18.5% rise in blocked AI traffic, indicating a rise in malicious actors leveraging AI. 

• Security Best Practices: The report outlines essential security practices for securing AI deployments. These include data loss prevention (DLP) controls and granular access controls to safeguard sensitive data and prevent unauthorized access. 

Early 2017 December Links

What I'm reading

MacOS High Sierra had a fun bug for accounts. You could keep hitting submit on authentication and get authenticated after a couple of attempts.

Bill Sempf wrote up a good article on performing reconnaissance for a security assessment.

Former NSA Employee pleads guilty to taking classified data.

Hacked password service LeakBase goes dark.

I love this idea of checking in with people, even when there isn't anything to report. It makes people feel much better knowing that you're still on top of things.

Phishing emails and pages are getting better. I consider that a good thing. It's raising the bar for user awareness.

I am fascinated by Docker security. This past week I found an article on 22 security tools for Docker.

Help the Rural Technology Fund introduce 100,000 students to technology.

What I'm watching

AVENGERS ASSEMBLE!

This blog post first appear on Exploring Information Security.